Antidepressant-Like Effect of Traditional Medicinal Plant Carthamus Tinctorius in Mice Model through Neuro-Behavioral Tests and Transcriptomic Approach

Major depression disorder (MDD) has become a common life-threatening disorder. Despite the number of studies and introduced antidepressants, MDD remains major global health issue. Carthamus tinctorius (safflower) is traditionally used for food medical purposes. This study investigated chemical profile antidepressant-like effect tincto-rius hot water extract in male mice its mechanism using transcriptomic analysis. The antidepressant (50 mg/kg 150 mg/kg) was versus untreated group (saline) positive control (fluoxetine 10 mg/kg). Hippocampus transcriptome changes were to understand action. GC-MS analysis showed that yielded highest amount oleamide as most active ingredient. Neuro-behavioral tests demonstrated safflower treatment significantly reduced immobility time TST FST improved performance YMSAT compared group. RNA-seq revealed significant differential gene expression pattern several genes such Ube2j2, Ncor1, Tuba1c, Grik1, Msmo1, Casp9 related regulation 50 fluoxetine-treated groups. Our findings bioactive ingredient on mice, validated by shortened an increase percentage spontaneous alternation.